Storing large amounts of crypto requires a careful approach. Think of it like this: you wouldn’t keep all your cash in your pocket, right?
Hot wallets are like your pocket – easily accessible but vulnerable to theft. They’re connected to the internet, making them convenient for frequent trading, but also a prime target for hackers. Examples include exchanges like Coinbase or software wallets on your phone or computer.
Cold wallets are like a safe deposit box – secure but less convenient. They’re offline devices, significantly reducing the risk of hacking. There are two main types:
- Hardware wallets: These are physical devices (like a USB stick) that store your private keys offline. They’re considered the most secure option for large amounts of crypto. Popular examples include Ledger and Trezor.
- Paper wallets: These are printed QR codes containing your private keys. They offer good security if stored properly, but they’re vulnerable to physical damage or loss.
For optimal security, the best strategy is often a combination: a hot wallet for smaller amounts needed for daily transactions and a cold wallet for the bulk of your long-term holdings. This balances convenience and security.
Important Considerations:
- Seed phrase security: Your seed phrase (a series of words) is the key to accessing your crypto. Treat it like your bank password – never share it with anyone, and store it safely offline.
- Research thoroughly: Before choosing a wallet, do your research to ensure it’s reputable and secure.
- Diversification: Don’t keep all your eggs in one basket. Spread your crypto across multiple wallets to minimize risk.
What is the best wallet for multiple cryptocurrencies?
Choosing the right wallet is crucial for anyone navigating the diverse world of cryptocurrencies. The ability to manage multiple assets within a single interface significantly simplifies the process. Several excellent multi-currency wallets exist, each offering unique features and benefits.
Exodus, for example, boasts a user-friendly interface known for its intuitive design. It supports a wide range of cryptocurrencies and offers integrated exchange functionality, allowing users to buy, sell, and swap assets directly within the wallet. However, it’s important to note that Exodus is a software wallet, meaning your private keys are stored on your device, requiring careful attention to security best practices.
Atomic Wallet is another popular choice, emphasizing privacy and security. It offers a non-custodial experience, providing users with complete control over their private keys. This wallet also integrates a built-in exchange, simplifying trading. Similar to Exodus, it is a software wallet requiring diligent security measures.
Trust Wallet, backed by Binance, presents a strong combination of ease of use and security features. It’s a mobile-first wallet with broad cryptocurrency support and integrates seamlessly with the Binance ecosystem. While considered secure, it’s important to remember that even with strong security features, all software wallets are susceptible to vulnerabilities if not properly secured.
When selecting a multi-currency wallet, consider factors such as supported cryptocurrencies, security features (hardware vs. software), user interface, and the availability of additional features like staking or decentralized application (dApp) integration. Remember to thoroughly research any wallet before entrusting it with your digital assets.
The best wallet for you will ultimately depend on your specific needs and preferences. Always prioritize security and conduct due diligence before choosing a wallet.
What is the safest way to store crypto for long term?
For long-term crypto holding, nothing beats a cold wallet. Hardware wallets, specifically devices like the Ledger Flex or Trezor Safe 5, are the gold standard. They isolate your private keys from the internet, a crucial step in mitigating the ever-present risk of hacks and phishing scams. This offline security drastically reduces your exposure to online threats, safeguarding your Bitcoin and other cryptos from malicious actors.
Remember, your private keys are your responsibility. Seed phrases are paramount – treat them like the combination to a nuclear vault. Back them up securely, but never store them digitally; use multiple physical, fireproof, and tamper-evident locations. Consider using a metal plate for enhanced durability. Don’t fall for flashy software promises; true security resides in the physical separation of your keys from the digital world.
While hardware wallets are optimal, diversify your security. Employ multi-signature wallets where possible for added redundancy and control. Regularly audit your wallet’s security settings and firmware updates. The crypto landscape is dynamic; staying vigilant is an investment in preserving your assets.
Is it better to keep crypto in wallet or exchange?
Holding crypto on an exchange exposes you to a significant risk: exchange hacks. While exchanges offer convenient trading, they are centralized entities, making them prime targets for sophisticated attacks. Your crypto, essentially held in their custody, is vulnerable to theft should their security be breached.
Conversely, a self-custody wallet – whether hardware or software – places you in complete control. You are the sole custodian of your private keys, the digital equivalent of your banking password. No third party has access, mitigating the risk of exchange-related losses.
However, self-custody demands responsibility. Losing your private keys means losing your crypto irretrievably. Implement strong security practices: use a reputable wallet provider, enable two-factor authentication (2FA), and store your seed phrase offline and securely. Consider diversifying your holdings across multiple wallets to further reduce risk.
Ultimately, the decision hinges on your risk tolerance and technical expertise. While exchanges provide ease of use, self-custody, though demanding more technical proficiency, provides vastly superior security against theft.
Hardware wallets, in particular, offer the highest level of security by storing your private keys offline, making them significantly less vulnerable to hacking attempts compared to software wallets or exchanges.
What can I do with a large coin collection?
The monetization strategy for your extensive coin collection hinges entirely on its appraised value. A truly valuable collection, boasting rare or historically significant pieces, warrants the attention of a reputable auction house. Their expertise in specialized numismatic markets ensures maximum exposure and competitive bidding, potentially unlocking significant returns. Think of it as an ICO for your tangible assets – leveraging established networks to reach the most discerning buyers.
For collections of lesser value, a direct sale presents a viable alternative. Private sales via online marketplaces or coin-specific forums can yield decent returns, especially with diligent pricing and targeted marketing. However, this route involves more hands-on effort, demanding your time and expertise in pricing and buyer negotiation. Consider it akin to a decentralized exchange (DEX) – more freedom, but with increased responsibility for liquidity and price discovery.
Alternatively, selling to a coin dealer offers a quicker and less involved process. While potentially yielding slightly lower returns than other methods, the convenience and speed of a direct transaction could be a compelling trade-off. This is similar to selling your crypto on a centralized exchange (CEX) – simple, fast, but often with lower profit margins.
Before pursuing any strategy, professional appraisal is paramount. Accurate valuation is the cornerstone of successful monetization, ensuring you receive fair market value for your assets. Ignoring this step could lead to significant financial losses, the equivalent of selling your Bitcoin without understanding the market capitalization.
Which is the best wallet to store crypto?
The “best” crypto wallet depends heavily on your specific needs and risk tolerance. There’s no one-size-fits-all solution.
Factors to Consider:
- Security: Hardware wallets (like Ledger and Trezor) offer the highest level of security due to offline storage. However, they require more technical understanding.
- Accessibility: Software wallets (like Exodus and Coinbase) are more user-friendly but inherently riskier due to reliance on internet connectivity and potential vulnerabilities in the software itself.
- Asset Support: Some wallets support a wider range of cryptocurrencies than others. Coinbase, for example, boasts a large selection, while BitBox focuses solely on Bitcoin.
- Features: Consider features like staking, DeFi integration (offered by Crypto.com and Ledger), and advanced transaction management.
- Fees: Transaction fees vary significantly between wallets and networks.
- Open Source vs. Closed Source: Open-source wallets (like Trezor) allow for community scrutiny and audits, potentially enhancing security, while closed-source wallets offer less transparency.
Wallet Recommendations (with caveats):
- Exodus: User-friendly interface, good for beginners, supports multiple cryptocurrencies. However, security relies on software integrity.
- Coinbase: Large selection of cryptocurrencies, accessible interface. Security depends on Coinbase’s infrastructure and security practices. Consider the custodial nature – you don’t fully control your private keys.
- BitBox: Excellent for Bitcoin-only storage, prioritizing security and simplicity. Limited functionality beyond Bitcoin.
- Electrum: Powerful and feature-rich desktop wallet for Bitcoin. Requires more technical expertise.
- Crypto.com: Offers DeFi functionalities, but also involves custodial elements. Security is dependent on Crypto.com’s platform.
- BlueWallet: Simple and intuitive, especially for Bitcoin beginners. Offers limited functionality compared to others.
- Ledger: High security hardware wallet offering access to DeFi applications through compatible software. Requires understanding of seed phrases and security best practices. Price point is higher.
- Trezor: Another reputable hardware wallet known for its open-source nature, focusing on security and user control. Similar considerations as Ledger apply.
Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute financial advice. Always conduct thorough research and understand the risks before using any crypto wallet.
Where is the best place to hold crypto for long-term?
For long-term crypto holding, a cold storage hardware wallet is the most secure option. These offline devices, such as Trezor and Ledger, minimize the risk of hacking significantly, as your private keys never directly interact with the internet. However, choosing between Trezor and Ledger involves considering their respective strengths: Trezor models are often praised for their open-source firmware and strong security track record, while Ledger offers a broader range of supported cryptocurrencies and potentially more user-friendly interfaces. Both are reputable choices, but independent research into their security features and user reviews is strongly advised before investment. Note that even with cold storage, robust security practices are crucial. This includes securing your seed phrase (the master key to your wallet) with multiple layers of physical and digital protection. Avoid storing it digitally, and consider using multiple methods of physical storage (e.g., metal plates, multiple locations). Regularly check your device’s firmware for updates, as these patches often address security vulnerabilities.
Beyond hardware wallets, consider paper wallets as a more extreme offline storage solution. These involve generating private and public keys offline and printing them. However, they come with their own set of risks, including physical damage and potential loss. They’re less user-friendly and lack the added security of hardware wallet features like screen display and PIN protection. Therefore, hardware wallets generally offer a better balance of security and usability for most users.
Finally, remember that no storage method is completely invulnerable. Thorough due diligence on all hardware and software is vital to mitigate risks. Your seed phrase is paramount; its security determines the security of your entire crypto portfolio.
How many cryptos can I store on ledger?
The Ledger Nano S? Think of it like a really secure, tiny, offline vault. It can’t hold *all* your crypto – it’s not a massive server! It officially supports around 23 major cryptocurrencies directly. But the real magic is its ERC-20 token compatibility; you can manage over 1500 of them. However, the device’s limited memory means you can only install 3-7 apps at a time. This effectively limits the number of different cryptocurrencies you actively manage concurrently to that range. Think strategically about which ones you prioritize on the device itself – your most frequently traded or highest value assets. Remember, you can always swap apps on your Ledger as needed, and your private keys are always safe and secure even if an app is uninstalled. This limitation isn’t a weakness, it’s a trade-off for enhanced security. For larger portfolios, consider a Ledger Nano X for its increased app capacity.
How many crypto wallets should I have?
The number of crypto wallets you can own is virtually unlimited. Unlike traditional bank accounts, crypto wallets aren’t subject to the same regulatory oversight, meaning there’s no legal restriction on the number you can possess.
However, the optimal number isn’t about quantity, but rather strategic organization. Consider using multiple wallets to compartmentalize your assets. This enhances security and simplifies accounting.
A common approach is to use a dedicated wallet for each cryptocurrency. This improves organization and reduces the risk of accidental mixing of assets. Imagine having one wallet for Bitcoin, another for Ethereum, and a separate one for smaller altcoins. This clear separation makes managing your holdings much easier.
Further diversification can be achieved by using different types of wallets. Hardware wallets offer the highest level of security for substantial holdings, while software wallets are convenient for everyday transactions. Consider using a hardware wallet for your long-term savings and a mobile or desktop software wallet for regular purchases.
Another crucial aspect is the provider. Spreading your assets across various wallet providers mitigates the risk associated with a single provider’s potential vulnerability or downtime. This diversification acts as a safety net against various security threats.
Ultimately, the ideal number of wallets depends on your individual needs and risk tolerance. Prioritize security and organization when deciding how many wallets to use and how to categorize your assets within them.
How do you store large coin collections?
Storing large coin collections, especially high-value ones, requires a strategic approach akin to managing a diversified crypto portfolio. For maximum protection of your numismatic assets, think of hard plastic holders as your cold storage solution. Professional grading services, like the leading exchanges for crypto, offer sealed slabs – the equivalent of a secure hardware wallet. These slabs protect authenticated and graded coins, ensuring their integrity and market value, similar to how a reputable exchange secures your digital assets. Crucially, avoid materials containing PVC or acid; these are the equivalent of leaving your crypto keys on a public server. They’ll corrode your coins’ value, destroying their surface and potentially rendering them worthless. Instead, opt for acid-free cardboard and PVC-free plastic holders to maintain optimal condition and preserve their long-term appreciation potential, much like choosing a reputable, secure wallet for your digital currency.
Consider environmental factors too. Temperature and humidity fluctuations can significantly impact a coin’s condition, mirroring the volatility of the crypto market. Maintain a stable environment to minimize risks. Regularly inventory your collection, just as you’d monitor your crypto portfolio, to track value and identify potential issues. Proper storage is not just about preservation; it’s about safeguarding your investment.
What is the best crypto wallet with all networks?
Finding the “best” crypto wallet supporting all networks is tricky, as no single wallet truly encompasses every blockchain. However, several excellent options offer broad compatibility, catering to diverse needs. The selection depends heavily on your priorities – security, user experience, specific features, and the networks you frequently utilize.
Coinbase Wallet: Known for its robust security features and multi-currency support, Coinbase Wallet is a popular choice for beginners and experienced users alike. Its integration with the Coinbase exchange is a significant advantage for many. However, its feature set might be considered less extensive than some competitors when it comes to advanced features like decentralized application (dApp) interaction.
Exodus: This hot wallet prioritizes user-friendliness and offers a visually appealing portfolio. Its built-in staking options are a considerable draw, allowing you to earn passive income on your crypto holdings. Keep in mind that its security relies on its own proprietary system, so it’s essential to understand their security protocols before entrusting your funds.
MetaMask: This is a go-to option for interacting with decentralized applications (dApps) built on Ethereum and other compatible blockchains. Access to dApps opens up a world of opportunities, from DeFi lending and borrowing to playing blockchain games. Staking and airdrop participation are also often facilitated through MetaMask, although security best practices should always be followed. Remember that MetaMask is browser-based, meaning security is tied to your browser and computer security.
Trust Wallet: A multi-coin wallet with staking tools, Trust Wallet offers a broad range of supported cryptocurrencies and blockchains. Its simplicity makes it accessible to a wide audience. However, its feature set may not be as deep as some other wallets focused on specific niches. Remember that reliance on a single mobile app for all your digital assets carries certain risks.
Important Note: “All networks” is a relative term. No wallet supports every single blockchain. Always verify which networks are supported by your chosen wallet before using it. Also, remember that hot wallets, like those listed above, are convenient but inherently more vulnerable to hacking than cold storage solutions like hardware wallets. Consider your risk tolerance and security needs when choosing a wallet.
What’s the safest device to store your crypto?
For secure crypto storage, the Ledger Nano X reigns supreme. Its offline, cold storage architecture is paramount – your private keys never touch an internet-connected device, eliminating a massive attack vector. The intuitive interface belies its robust security features, making it accessible even to crypto newcomers. Beyond its user-friendiness, it boasts broad cryptocurrency support, crucial for diversified portfolios. While no system is impenetrable, the Ledger Nano X’s combination of secure element chip and passphrase protection significantly minimizes the risk. Remember to always independently verify the Ledger website before downloading any software, avoiding phishing attempts that could compromise your device. Consider using a strong passphrase and regularly backing up your seed phrase (storing it securely offline, ideally in multiple locations), as this is crucial for recovery in case of device loss or damage. The additional security provided by a recovery seed phrase is often overlooked, but fundamentally essential to protecting your assets. Finally, remember to always update your device’s firmware to benefit from the latest security patches.
Where is the safest place to store crypto?
For significant cryptocurrency holdings, cold storage is king. While you *can* technically store any amount in hot wallets or exchanges, the inherent risks far outweigh the convenience. Cold wallets, meaning offline hardware or paper wallets, offer the highest level of security against hacking and theft. Think of it like this: your cold wallet is like a physical vault, completely isolated from the internet’s vulnerabilities. The longer you plan to hold your crypto, the more crucial cold storage becomes. Consider a hardware wallet like a Ledger or Trezor – they’re essentially USB drives with enhanced security features designed specifically for crypto. Paper wallets, while cheaper, require meticulous attention to detail during creation and storage to prevent loss or damage, making them less practical for substantial holdings. The extra security offered by cold wallets is worth the slightly steeper learning curve and potentially higher initial investment.
Remember to always back up your seed phrases (the crucial recovery codes) securely and separately from your wallet itself. Losing your seed phrase means losing access to your funds, regardless of the storage method.
Diversification is key. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket – even a cold wallet. Consider using multiple cold wallets and perhaps even splitting some funds across different exchanges (with the understanding of the inherent higher risk). This approach significantly reduces your overall vulnerability.
Why is Trezor better than Ledger?
For the crypto-savvy, the Trezor vs. Ledger debate boils down to a trade-off. Trezor’s open-source nature provides greater scrutiny and, theoretically, enhanced security through community audits. This transparency is crucial for those prioritizing maximum verifiability, though it doesn’t guarantee absolute immunity from vulnerabilities. However, Ledger’s ST33 secure element chip, while proprietary, offers a higher level of physical tamper protection, potentially deterring sophisticated attacks. This is particularly relevant for high-value portfolios. Further, Ledger’s superior mobile app integration facilitates on-the-go management, a key advantage for active traders. Consider your risk tolerance and trading style; if you’re a high-volume trader needing mobile accessibility, Ledger’s advantages might outweigh Trezor’s open-source appeal. Conversely, if you value maximum transparency and are comfortable with a less integrated experience, Trezor could be the safer bet. Ultimately, the “best” device depends on your individual security priorities and operational needs within the context of your overall crypto risk management strategy.
How to clean coins in bulk at home?
Cleaning numerous coins at home requires a careful approach, much like managing a diverse cryptocurrency portfolio. Consider this a ‘bulk cleaning’ protocol, analogous to optimizing a blockchain for high transaction volume.
Step 1: Solution Preparation (Mixing): Create a cleaning solution by combining 1 cup of white vinegar (or lemon juice – a more ‘eco-friendly’ alternative, much like choosing a proof-of-stake blockchain) with 1 tablespoon of salt in a suitable container. This acts as your base cleaning agent, like the base layer in a well-structured smart contract.
Step 2: Immersion (Bulk Processing): Transfer the solution to a larger plastic container. This is your ‘bulk processing pool’ – think of it like a mining pool, maximizing efficiency. Ensure all coins are fully submerged. The soaking time depends on the coin’s material and level of soiling; monitor for optimal results, just as you’d monitor transaction confirmation times on a blockchain.
Step 3: Initial Cleaning (First Pass): After soaking (time varies based on soiling – similar to transaction confirmation variance on a network), gently remove the coins and wipe them with a soft cloth. This is your first pass – a preliminary cleaning, much like a first stage of a multi-step KYC process.
Step 4: Abrasive Cleaning (Targeted Approach): For stubborn grime, create a paste of baking soda and water. Apply this paste to individual coins requiring more aggressive cleaning, acting as a targeted intervention, much like addressing a specific bug in a smart contract. Avoid harsh scrubbing on valuable or delicate coins – similar to avoiding risky investments in unstable cryptocurrencies.
Step 5: Final Rinse and Drying (Verification): Rinse the coins thoroughly with clean water to remove any residue. This is your verification phase – ensuring all cleaning agents are removed. Air-dry coins on a soft cloth to prevent water spots, similar to allowing a blockchain transaction to fully settle.
Important Considerations (Security and Risk): Always prioritize coin preservation. Aggressive cleaning can damage valuable coins. Consider the material of each coin before selecting cleaning methods. This is akin to assessing the risk profile of different cryptocurrencies before investing.
What is the safest crypto wallet in the world?
There’s no single “safest” crypto wallet, as security depends on individual practices. However, several stand out for their robust features in 2025. Wink Wallet boasts a user-friendly interface with strong security protocols, though its centralized nature means it relies on their security measures. Coinbase Wallet, ideal for beginners, benefits from Coinbase’s established reputation, but remember, it’s still a custodial wallet, meaning they hold your private keys. MetaMask, a popular choice for Ethereum users, offers excellent browser extension integration and supports a wide range of DeFi applications, but user error remains a significant vulnerability. Trust Wallet excels on mobile, providing a convenient and secure mobile-first experience. Finally, Electrum, a veteran in the desktop Bitcoin wallet space, prioritizes simplicity and security, focusing specifically on Bitcoin. Remember, the security of any wallet hinges on strong passwords, enabling two-factor authentication (2FA), regularly updating software, and never sharing your seed phrase.
Each wallet has its strengths and weaknesses. Centralized wallets like Coinbase offer convenience but sacrifice some control. Decentralized wallets like MetaMask and Electrum offer greater control but demand more technical understanding. Hardware wallets, not listed, offer the highest level of security by storing your private keys offline, but come at a higher cost.
Consider your technical expertise, the cryptocurrencies you hold, and your risk tolerance when choosing a wallet. Diversifying across multiple wallets, utilizing hardware wallets for substantial holdings, and regularly backing up your seed phrase are crucial aspects of a comprehensive security strategy. No single wallet is foolproof; proactive security measures are paramount.
Which wallet does Elon Musk use?
Elon Musk mentioned Freewallet helped him with a locked wallet issue. However, he didn’t explicitly endorse it as *the* wallet he uses. Many popular apps let you buy and sell crypto, like Robinhood and PayPal. These are good starting points for beginners because they’re user-friendly. They usually don’t offer the same level of control and security as dedicated crypto wallets though.
A crypto wallet is essentially a digital container for your cryptocurrency. There are two main types: software wallets (like those on your phone or computer) and hardware wallets (physical devices that store your crypto offline for enhanced security). Software wallets are convenient, but hardware wallets offer much stronger protection against hacking. Choosing the right wallet depends on your needs and how much crypto you hold.
Important note: Never share your seed phrase (a secret recovery code) with anyone. Losing your seed phrase means losing access to your crypto. Do your research before choosing any wallet and only use reputable services.
Should I keep my crypto in multiple wallets?
Diversifying your cryptocurrency holdings across multiple wallets is a crucial security measure. It’s not just about having backups; it’s about mitigating risk. A single point of failure, like losing access to your primary wallet due to a lost device, forgotten password, or a compromised exchange, could mean losing all your crypto.
Why Multiple Wallets?
- Security: Spreading your assets reduces the impact of a single security breach. If one wallet is compromised, the rest remain untouched.
- Backup and Recovery: Having multiple wallets with different recovery methods (e.g., seed phrases, private keys stored in different locations) acts as an insurance policy against irreversible loss.
- Organization: Different wallets can be used for different purposes. For example, one for long-term holding (cold storage), one for short-term trading (exchange wallet or hot wallet), and another for receiving payments.
Types of Wallets to Consider:
- Hardware Wallets: These offline devices offer the highest level of security for long-term storage.
- Software Wallets: Desktop and mobile wallets offer convenience but require careful security practices.
- Exchange Wallets: Convenient for trading but inherently riskier due to being controlled by a third party. Only keep small amounts needed for immediate trading on exchanges.
- Paper Wallets: A low-tech option, but susceptible to damage and loss. Ensure you store them securely and make backups.
Choosing the Right Wallets: Research different wallet options thoroughly. Consider factors such as security features, user-friendliness, supported cryptocurrencies, and fees. Don’t rush the decision; your crypto’s safety depends on it. Consider using a mix of wallet types to optimize security and accessibility.
Important Note: Never share your private keys or seed phrases with anyone. Losing access to these means losing access to your cryptocurrency.
What is the most secure crypto hardware wallet?
There’s no single “most secure” hardware wallet, as security is multifaceted and depends on individual user practices. However, Trezor Model One and Model T consistently rank highly due to their open-source firmware, strong security track record, and established reputation. Their security rests on several key pillars:
- Secure Element (SE): Both models utilize a secure element, a tamper-resistant chip dedicated to cryptographic operations, isolating sensitive private keys from the main device and external threats.
- Open-Source Firmware: The open-source nature allows for community scrutiny and independent security audits, increasing transparency and trust. This contrasts with closed-source solutions where vulnerabilities might remain undetected.
- Multiple Security Layers: Trezor implements multiple layers of protection including passphrase protection, PIN codes, and recovery seeds, mitigating risks from physical theft and unauthorized access.
- Robust Recovery Process: The recovery seed provides a crucial backup mechanism, allowing users to restore their funds if the device is lost or damaged. However, it’s crucial to store this seed securely offline and in a physically protected location.
While Trezor is a strong contender, it’s crucial to consider other factors like:
- Your own security practices: Even the most secure hardware wallet is vulnerable if the user employs poor security practices, such as reusing passwords or storing the recovery seed insecurely.
- Specific use case: The ideal wallet may vary based on the user’s level of technical expertise, the number of cryptocurrencies managed, and other factors.
- Ongoing Research and Updates: The security landscape constantly evolves. Staying informed about updates and security advisories for your chosen hardware wallet is essential.
Ledger devices represent another strong competitor in the hardware wallet space, also offering robust security features. Ultimately, the “best” choice depends on a thorough evaluation of your individual needs and risk tolerance. Thorough research before selecting a hardware wallet is paramount.