What does fork mean in slang?

In slang, “fork over” means to reluctantly hand over something, typically money. Think of it as the crypto equivalent of reluctantly sending your ETH to cover a gas fee – you know you have to, but you’re not thrilled about it. It implies a degree of coercion or resentment.

Example: “We had to fork over ten bucks to park near the stadium.” This is akin to paying a hefty network fee to complete a transaction quickly. You’re paying a premium, and you’re not happy about it.

The phrase highlights the involuntary nature of the transaction. Consider these related concepts:

Forced liquidation: Similar to being forced to “fork over” assets, this occurs when a margin trader’s position is automatically closed due to insufficient collateral.
Impermanent loss: While not directly related to the slang term, it’s an involuntary loss of potential profit in DeFi liquidity pools, a kind of hidden cost you “fork over” by participating.

The phrase’s aggressive tone suggests a feeling of being cheated or taken advantage of. It carries the implication that the receiver isn’t entitled to the money or item.

“Fork it over!” This more forceful variation stresses the demand for immediate payment or transfer, similar to the urgency of a high-gas-fee transaction.
The forceful demand suggests a power imbalance, like the network congestion that forces users to pay exorbitant fees.

What is the other meaning of fork?

The term “fork,” in the context of cryptocurrencies, refers to a divergence from a central point, much like a road splitting into two paths. This means a blockchain splits into two separate chains, each continuing to operate independently. There are two main types of forks:

Hard Forks: These create a completely new blockchain, incompatible with the original. They often occur due to significant disagreements about the direction of the project, requiring a software update to participate in the new chain. Bitcoin Cash (BCH) is a notable example, a hard fork from the Bitcoin (BTC) blockchain.
Soft Forks: These are backward-compatible upgrades to the original blockchain. Nodes running the old software will still accept blocks from the updated software, but nodes running the updated software won’t accept blocks that don’t comply with the new rules. This ensures smooth transition and minimizes disruption.

The implications of a fork can be significant:

Creation of new cryptocurrencies: A hard fork can result in the birth of a new cryptocurrency, with its own distinct characteristics and value proposition. This provides opportunities for innovation and diversification within the crypto ecosystem.
Improved scalability or security: Forks can be used to implement upgrades that enhance the scalability or security of the blockchain, solving existing issues and enhancing the overall functionality.
Community disagreements: Forks often reflect underlying disagreements within the community about the development path, governance, or features of the original project. This highlights the decentralized and often contentious nature of the crypto space.

Understanding the concept of “forking” is crucial for navigating the dynamic world of cryptocurrencies. The ability to analyze the potential impacts of a fork, particularly a hard fork, is an essential skill for any serious cryptocurrency investor or developer.

What is the deadliest weapon in the world?

Nuclear weapons represent the ultimate existential risk, a digital “black swan” event dwarfing any other threat. Their destructive power is analogous to a 51% attack on the very fabric of human civilization, a permanent, irreversible chain reaction.

The decentralized nature of nuclear proliferation, ironically, mirrors the decentralized ethos of cryptocurrencies. Just as cryptocurrencies aim for censorship resistance, so too has the spread of nuclear technology proven remarkably resilient to attempts at central control. This presents a unique challenge; the security model of global nuclear non-proliferation is inherently flawed, resembling a poorly secured smart contract susceptible to exploits.

Consider the following parallels:

51% Attack Analogy: A sufficiently powerful nuclear attack could irrevocably alter the global state, akin to a 51% attack crippling a blockchain, but on an infinitely larger scale.
Decentralized Control: The lack of a single, easily-targeted entity controlling nuclear weapons mirrors the decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies, making it incredibly difficult to manage the risk.
Smart Contract Failure: International treaties designed to limit nuclear proliferation often prove inadequate, reflecting the vulnerabilities in poorly-designed smart contracts, leaving us susceptible to catastrophic failures.

The sheer destructive potential is exponentially greater than any other weapon. The scale of potential loss is immeasurable, surpassing the combined market capitalization of all cryptocurrencies many times over. It’s not about monetary value; it’s about the complete and utter annihilation of the human project.

Potential Mitigation Strategies (with cryptocurrency analogies):

Enhanced Verification Mechanisms: Similar to blockchain auditing, increased transparency and verification of nuclear arsenals are crucial. This requires international cooperation on a scale never before witnessed.
Decentralized Governance: Explore the possibility of a truly decentralized global governance system focused on nuclear non-proliferation, mimicking the decentralized ethos of crypto communities, but on a geopolitical scale. This would require significant trust building and novel incentive mechanisms.
Robust Security Protocols: Implement extremely rigorous security measures around nuclear weapons storage and control, utilizing advanced encryption techniques comparable to those safeguarding valuable crypto assets.

The extinction-level threat posed by nuclear weapons highlights a critical vulnerability – humanity’s collective inability to effectively manage risks at a truly global scale. This is a problem far more complex than any cryptographic puzzle ever devised.

What is the difference between fork and decision?

In trading, think of a fork as simultaneously placing multiple orders, like hedging a position with a stop-loss and a take-profit. Each order represents a concurrent flow, potentially yielding different outcomes. This diversifies risk and can exploit multiple market scenarios simultaneously. The lack of mutual exclusivity differentiates it from a decision.

A decision, however, is a binary or multi-way choice point. It’s like evaluating a trading signal – if the RSI crosses above 70, then sell; otherwise, do nothing. This is analogous to an “if-then-else” statement – a single path is selected based on a specific condition. Only one branch of the decision is executed. Failure to properly evaluate the condition can lead to missed opportunities or losses.

The key difference is that a fork creates parallel execution paths, while a decision selects only one. Understanding this distinction is crucial for designing robust automated trading strategies. Misinterpreting a decision node can lead to incorrect order placement, whereas failing to account for the potential outcomes of a fork can lead to unintended risk exposure or missed profit opportunities. Effectively managing both forks and decisions is paramount in optimizing trading performance.

Why is fork called fork?

The etymology of “fork,” much like a promising altcoin, has roots in ancient utility. Early forks weren’t about mooning gains in the mouth; they were essential tools in the culinary DeFi (decentralized food infrastructure) of their time. Furca, Latin for pitchfork, represents a foundational, pre-fork technology. Think of it as Bitcoin – the original, robust infrastructure. Then came fuscincula, a larger food prep fork – a significant upgrade, a Layer-2 solution if you will, improving efficiency and scalability in the food-serving process. This evolutionary path mirrors the development of cryptocurrencies: starting with a basic concept, then building on it with more sophisticated iterations to achieve improved functionality.

The transition from purely utilitarian tool to tableware represents a paradigm shift, akin to the movement from purely transactional cryptocurrencies to those with added functionalities like smart contracts. The word’s evolution reflects the inherent potential for adaptation and innovation, mirroring the volatile yet exciting nature of the crypto market.

Consider the value proposition: a simple tool, “forking” into something more refined and sophisticated. This parallels the potential for substantial returns in the crypto space; a small initial investment in a promising project can “fork” into a substantial portfolio, offering significant ROI.

What makes something a fork?

A fork, derived from the Latin “furca” (pitchfork), is a fundamental utensil in the culinary ecosystem, a decentralized tool for efficient food manipulation. Historically forged from diverse materials, its modern iteration predominantly utilizes hardened metals, offering durability and resistance to wear, much like a robust blockchain network. The elongated handle, analogous to a data pipeline, provides ergonomic leverage, while the multi-pronged head – the tines – act as independent processing nodes, each capable of independently securing a portion of the data (food). This parallel processing allows for simultaneous interaction with multiple food items, achieving high throughput analogous to shard-based consensus mechanisms. The slightly curved tines, akin to optimized algorithms, enhance grip and stability, minimizing slippage and maximizing efficiency. Its functionality extends beyond simple spearing; forks facilitate the coordinated action with knives, forming a symbiotic relationship in the dining protocol, creating synergistic efficiency reminiscent of a DeFi liquidity pool. The evolution of the fork mirrors technological advancement; from rudimentary designs to specialized forms, reflecting increasing sophistication in both utensil design and blockchain technology. Consider the spork: a hybrid demonstrating the innovative potential of combining established functionalities, just as hybrid blockchains combine the best of different consensus mechanisms.

What is a fork decision?

In the context of blockchain technology, a “fork decision” refers to a point where the blockchain splits into two or more distinct chains. This divergence occurs when a significant disagreement arises among participants regarding the rules or the validity of transactions on the blockchain. This disagreement might stem from differing interpretations of the protocol or a contentious hard fork.

Types of Forks:

Hard Fork: A permanent divergence creating two separate blockchains. One continues with the original rules, while the other implements new changes. This often leads to two different cryptocurrencies, e.g., Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash.
Soft Fork: A temporary divergence where nodes running the older software are still compatible with the updated blockchain. It requires upgrading the software, but backward compatibility is maintained. This approach is generally considered less disruptive.

Consequences of Fork Decisions:

Creation of New Cryptocurrencies: Hard forks often result in the creation of new cryptocurrencies, each with its own distinct features and value proposition.
Increased Network Security (or Fragmentation): A successful hard fork can improve the security of the blockchain by resolving vulnerabilities or implementing upgrades. Conversely, a contentious hard fork can fracture the community and weaken the network.
Price Volatility: The announcement and execution of a fork decision can significantly impact the price of the involved cryptocurrencies, often leading to substantial volatility.
Governance Challenges: The process of deciding on and implementing a fork requires careful consideration of community consensus and often involves intricate technical and social considerations.

Examples: The Bitcoin Cash (BCH) fork from Bitcoin (BTC) is a prominent example of a hard fork driven by differing opinions on scaling solutions. Ethereum’s transition from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake via the Merge is another noteworthy example, though technically less disruptive than a typical hard fork.

What is fork used for?

A fork, in its most basic form, is a culinary tool—a simple implement with two or more prongs and a handle, designed for the manipulation of food. But let’s delve deeper than mere utensil functionality. Think of the fork as a foundational element, a crucial piece of the dining infrastructure, much like a stablecoin is to a DeFi ecosystem.

Its versatility is undeniable:

Preparation: From tossing salads (liquidity pools, anyone?) to fluffing rice (staking rewards?), a fork’s utility extends beyond the plate.
Serving: Presentation is key; the controlled placement of food—like strategically allocating assets in a portfolio—significantly enhances the overall experience.
Consumption: The act of consuming, much like reaping the rewards of a successful investment, is made smoother and more efficient.

Consider this evolution: From rudimentary bone tools to the sophisticated designs of today, the fork’s journey mirrors technological advancements. Its widespread adoption showcases a fundamental shift in culinary practices, akin to the adoption of cryptocurrencies shifting financial paradigms.

Beyond the plate, the analogy extends:

Forking in Blockchain: In the realm of blockchain technology, “forking” refers to the creation of a new blockchain from an existing one, introducing diversification and potentially innovation. This parallels the diversification of culinary practices across cultures and regions.
Community: Just as the shared act of dining fosters community, cryptocurrencies often unite individuals around shared goals and values.

In essence: The humble fork, a seemingly simple tool, represents far more than just food consumption. It symbolizes practicality, adaptability, and evolution—qualities that resonate strongly with the dynamic world of cryptocurrency.

How does fork actually work?

Forking, in the context of Unix-like operating systems, creates a near-identical copy of a process, including its memory space, open files, and execution state. This is fundamental to many concurrent programming models and crucial for blockchain technologies.

How it differs from simple copying: It’s not a mere duplication. The parent and child processes share the same memory pages initially – a technique known as copy-on-write. Only when either process modifies a shared memory page does the operating system create a separate copy for that process. This optimization significantly improves efficiency, reducing the overhead of copying large amounts of data.

Relevance to Cryptocurrencies:

Mining Pools: Forking is integral to the operation of many cryptocurrency mining pools. A pool’s processes often fork to distribute mining tasks across multiple workers efficiently.
Blockchain Forks: While different from the system call, the term “fork” in the cryptocurrency world references a branching of a blockchain. This usually implies a disagreement on the valid chain state and results in two distinct, parallel blockchains.
Parallel Processing for Consensus: Some consensus algorithms, such as Proof-of-Stake variants, leverage forking to enable parallel validation and execution of transactions, thereby enhancing throughput and resilience.

Technical Aspects & Considerations:

The return value of fork() differs between the parent and child processes, allowing each to identify its role.
Careful management of shared resources (e.g., files, network sockets) is crucial to prevent race conditions and data corruption. Proper synchronization mechanisms are often necessary.
Excessive forking can lead to performance degradation due to resource exhaustion (memory, file descriptors). Robust error handling and process management are therefore essential for secure and reliable systems.

Is it a sin to use a fork?

The question of whether something is “sinful” is often a matter of perspective, much like the adoption of new technologies. Consider the early days of cryptocurrency. Some viewed it as a sinful affront to established financial systems, a rejection of “God-given” fiat currencies. Their argument was that existing systems were already in place, a divinely ordained (or at least socially accepted) method of managing value. Therefore, adopting something new like Bitcoin or Ethereum was seen as a rejection of this established order, an offense against the “divine gifts” of traditional finance.

This is, of course, a simplistic analogy. But it highlights the resistance to change that often accompanies technological innovation. Just as some saw forks as an unnecessary tool, some still view cryptocurrencies with suspicion, seeing them as disruptive and potentially destabilizing. This resistance isn’t always irrational. Traditional financial systems, like our ten fingers, have inherent strengths, offering security and stability. However, just as forks ultimately improved hygiene and efficiency in eating, cryptocurrencies offer advantages in terms of decentralization, transparency, and potentially lower transaction costs.

The key difference lies in perspective. Those who embraced the fork saw its utility and improved efficiency. Similarly, those who embrace cryptocurrencies see the potential for a more efficient, secure, and accessible financial system. Both the fork and cryptocurrency represent tools—their value ultimately depends on how they are used and the perspective of the user. Just as understanding the functionality of a fork revolutionized dining, understanding the underlying blockchain technology is crucial to understanding the potential of cryptocurrencies. It’s about embracing innovation while also critically evaluating its risks and benefits.

Decentralization, often lauded as a key benefit of cryptocurrency, mirrors the independent action of using a fork. Just as the fork allows for individual eating style, decentralization empowers individuals to control their own finances and bypass intermediaries. Consider smart contracts: these self-executing contracts, stored on a blockchain, automate agreements and reduce the need for trusted third parties, much like a fork removes the need for shared communal eating utensils.

Is a fork considered a weapon?

The legal definition of a weapon hinges on intent and context, not inherent design. While a fork’s primary function is eating, its potential as a weapon is undeniable, much like the volatility of certain crypto assets.

Consider this analogy: Bitcoin, at its core, is a decentralized digital currency. It’s designed for peer-to-peer transactions, not market manipulation. Yet, its price fluctuations can be incredibly damaging, akin to a well-aimed stab with a fork.

The court’s focus on the fork’s intended use is a narrow perspective, like judging an altcoin solely on its whitepaper and ignoring its actual market performance. Here’s a more nuanced view:

Intent: A fork used in a self-defense scenario is different from one wielded in an assault. Similarly, a crypto project intended for legitimate use can be manipulated for malicious purposes (rug pull, for example).
Context: A fork at a dinner table is benign. A fork in a prison riot? A very different story. The same applies to crypto; a stablecoin designed to maintain its peg versus a meme coin with no inherent value.
Potential for harm: While a fork might not cause “great bodily harm” in the same way a gun does, it can still inflict injury. The same principle applies to risky crypto investments – significant financial loss is a real and substantial harm.

Therefore, classifying something as a “weapon” requires a holistic evaluation, not just a simplistic assessment of its intended purpose. Just as due diligence is crucial in crypto investments, careful consideration of intent and context is vital in determining the weaponization of any object.

What is the weapon like a fork?

The “military fork,” a polearm prevalent in Europe from the 15th to 19th centuries, represents a fascinating intersection of agricultural implements and military technology. Its design, directly derived from the pitchfork, showcases a common thread in weaponry development: adaptation of readily available tools for combat purposes. This parallels the evolution of cryptocurrency itself, where existing technologies – like cryptography and peer-to-peer networks – were repurposed to create a decentralized financial system.

Functionality: Like a pitchfork’s ability to effectively displace material, the military fork’s multiple tines provided a means to hook, trap, and disarm opponents. Its relatively simple yet effective design is reminiscent of early cryptocurrencies, prioritizing functionality and security over complex features. Consider Bitcoin’s uncomplicated protocol – a potent design despite its relative simplicity.

Rarity and Value: Authentic military forks, due to their age and historical significance, are now rare collectibles. This parallels the scarcity of certain cryptocurrencies, artificially imposed or inherent to their design. Limited supply, coupled with increasing demand, often results in substantial value appreciation, mirroring the price action seen in the cryptocurrency market.

Decentralization and Security: The design of the military fork, while seemingly simple, provided a degree of tactical flexibility, emphasizing individual skill and improvisation. This echoes the decentralization principle at the heart of many cryptocurrencies, where trust is distributed rather than centralized in a single authority. Just as a skilled soldier could effectively wield the fork, a strong understanding of cryptographic principles is necessary for securing cryptocurrency holdings.

What is the original meaning of the word fork?

The word “fork,” tracing back to Latin furca (pitchfork) or fuscincula (large food preparation fork), represents a fascinating etymological trade opportunity. Its ancient origins in Egypt, Greece, and Rome highlight a long-term, underlying trend in culinary utensil evolution – a trend with significant historical and cultural implications. Early adoption suggests a potential for strong, sustained growth in the demand for such tools, mirroring early adoption of successful technologies and commodities in modern markets.

The duality of furca and fuscincula reveals an interesting divergence – a potential “fork in the road,” so to speak, in the utensil’s trajectory. This suggests multiple market segments emerging simultaneously: agricultural and culinary. Analyzing the relative adoption rates in these separate markets could reveal valuable insights into broader societal shifts and economic drivers.

Consider this: the transition from primarily agricultural use to a prevalent culinary tool represents a significant market diversification strategy, successfully penetrating a new niche. Studying this historical evolution can provide valuable lessons for modern businesses looking to expand their product lines or target new customer bases.

Furthermore, the enduring presence of the word “fork” across numerous languages demonstrates remarkable brand recognition and market penetration that spanned centuries. This offers a compelling case study in long-term brand building and market dominance.

What does a fork mean spiritually?

The spiritual significance of a fork diverges from the spoon’s passive sustenance. While a spoon represents clinging to existing comforts for satisfaction, a fork embodies proactive change and self-provision. It symbolizes the deliberate act of forking – a concept deeply resonant within the decentralized world of cryptocurrencies.

Consider the fork in the road analogy. In cryptocurrency, a hard fork represents a significant divergence. This is a deliberate split, creating a new, independent blockchain with its own rules and history. It’s a powerful metaphor for the risk and reward inherent in navigating the crypto landscape. A fork requires bold action, the willingness to chart a new course, potentially abandoning familiar territory for uncharted, potentially lucrative, possibilities.

The fork, therefore, can represent:

Decisive Action: Embracing change and actively shaping your future. This mirrors the active choices required in navigating the volatile crypto market – choosing which projects to invest in, which strategies to implement.
Strategic Diversification: Just as a fork has multiple prongs, diversifying your crypto portfolio across various assets minimizes risk and maximizes potential gains.
Innovation and Progress: Forks often lead to innovations and improvements within a blockchain, creating new opportunities and enhancing existing systems. This mirrors the rapid evolution and innovation seen within the crypto space.
Choice and Crossroads: Navigating the complexities of the crypto market demands choosing your path carefully, weighing the potential rewards against the inherent risks. A fork represents this crucial decision-making process.

Ultimately, the fork’s symbolism transcends mere utensil; it signifies the proactive, risk-taking spirit crucial for success in the dynamic world of cryptocurrency and beyond.

What were forks originally used for?

Early forks weren’t for eating; their original functionality resembled that of a decentralized, pre-blockchain utility token. Instead of directly facilitating consumption (the mouth being the “node”), they served as crucial tools in the *preparation and serving* phases, akin to a Proof-of-Work algorithm requiring significant upfront effort before yielding a “reward” (a prepared meal). The etymology, derived from Latin furca (pitchfork) or fuscincula (large food preparation fork), highlights this pre-consumption role, mirroring how early cryptocurrencies prioritized transactional efficiency over immediate user-friendliness. This initial use case mirrors the early days of Bitcoin – primarily focused on its underlying technology rather than mass adoption. The evolution of the fork, from a purely utilitarian tool to a sophisticated dining instrument, parallels the development of cryptocurrencies from purely technical innovations to widely accessible financial tools. The transition marked a significant upgrade, akin to a hard fork improving a cryptocurrency’s functionality. Consider the energy expenditure – the “mining” – required for both preparing a meal and mining Bitcoin: a considerable computational cost in both cases. The shift toward individual use for consumption represents a paradigm shift – from a decentralized, collaborative approach (preparation and serving) to an individualized, private approach (eating).

This analogy highlights the transformative potential inherent in even the simplest of tools, both physical and digital. The fork’s journey from agricultural implement to dining essential echoes the evolution of cryptocurrencies from niche technologies to increasingly prevalent components of the global financial landscape.

What is the definition of a fork?

A fork, in its most basic sense, is a tool with prongs – think of a dinner fork, a pitchfork, or even a tuning fork. This represents the initial, *on-chain* state, the original blockchain. Simple, right?

But in the crypto world, a fork takes on a significantly more nuanced meaning. It’s a divergence. A split in the blockchain’s history, creating a new, independent blockchain. This can happen for various reasons: disagreements within the community, scaling issues, or even deliberate attempts at improvement or modification. Think of it as a hard fork or a soft fork – a hard fork is a permanent, irreversible split resulting in two separate cryptocurrencies, each with its own blockchain and ruleset. A soft fork is a more subtle change, where the old and new versions remain compatible for a period.

Consider Bitcoin Cash (BCH) as a notable example of a hard fork from Bitcoin (BTC). Both started at the same point, but now operate independently, each with its own market capitalization and features. This is analogous to the original “fork” – a single utensil being duplicated to provide different functionality, in this instance with different purposes and functionalities, ultimately giving birth to different projects.

Understanding forks is crucial for navigating the crypto landscape. They represent both opportunities and risks. While some forks lead to innovative projects with increased utility, others can result in diluted value or even completely defunct cryptocurrencies. The implications can be significant for investors.

What is a fork of a program?

Think of a software fork as a hard fork in crypto, but for code. It’s when a team clones a project’s source code and then develops it independently. This creates two distinct versions – the original and the forked project, each potentially evolving down very different paths. This is a high-risk, high-reward strategy, similar to investing in an altcoin. The original might become obsolete, while the fork could become incredibly valuable if it offers significant improvements or taps into a new market. Consider the network effects; a large, established user base for the original project can be a massive advantage, making the fork a tougher sell. Conversely, a fork could solve issues or add features the original neglected, creating a compelling alternative. The success of a fork hinges on its utility and adoption – much like any altcoin.

Due diligence is crucial. Analyze the team behind the fork, their track record, and the proposed improvements. Examine the codebase for vulnerabilities or any potential hidden issues. Before committing resources, understand the risks involved in this highly speculative undertaking.

What do you need a fork for?

A fork, like a stablecoin, is a fundamental tool. Its purpose is to acquire and manage assets – in this case, food, instead of crypto. Just as a blockchain ensures transparency and immutability in transactions, the fork’s design – multiple tines – allows for efficient acquisition of food items. Different forks, much like different cryptocurrencies, have varied designs optimized for specific tasks. A spork might represent a hybrid, combining the utility of both a spoon and a fork, similar to a bridge token that links different blockchains.

Its tines, analogous to smart contracts, execute a precise function: securing and transferring the food to your mouth. This process, like a crypto transaction, requires a level of precision and coordination. The strength and durability of the fork reflect its market capitalization – a high-quality fork endures many meals, just as a strong cryptocurrency endures market fluctuations.

The historical development of the fork mirrors the evolution of cryptocurrencies. Initially, only the wealthy had access to forks, much like early crypto was only accessible to a few. Its design has evolved over time, becoming more refined and specialized, similar to how cryptocurrencies constantly develop and improve.

What is a fork in the Bible?

The biblical “fork,” specifically the word “Ptyon” translated as “winnowing fork,” represents a fascinating early example of technological separation based on density. Think of it as a primitive, yet highly effective, form of “yield farming” – separating the valuable assets (wheat grains) from the worthless chaff. The wind acts as a natural force, similar to a decentralized oracle, impartially filtering out the low-value elements. This process is analogous to the way crypto investors separate promising projects from scams. The threshing floor represents the marketplace, where the sorted, valuable assets are collected and traded. The efficiency of this ancient technology parallels the aim of DeFi protocols to automate and optimize the sorting and valuation of assets, albeit with far more sophistication and scale. The “winnowing” process also underscores the importance of due diligence in identifying valuable opportunities within a noisy, volatile market. It’s a reminder that patience and a keen eye for quality are vital for long-term success, regardless of whether you’re dealing with wheat or cryptocurrencies.