Profiting from a bear market requires a sophisticated understanding of risk. While short selling Bitcoin directly offers potential gains during a downturn, it carries significant risk. You’re essentially betting against the market, and a sudden price surge can lead to substantial losses exceeding your initial investment. This strategy demands a high level of expertise and risk tolerance.
Strategies for Profiting During a Bitcoin Price Drop:
- Short Selling: Borrowing Bitcoin and selling it high, aiming to buy it back lower. This requires a brokerage account supporting crypto short selling and careful risk management. Consider using stop-loss orders to limit potential losses.
- Financial Derivatives: These provide leveraged exposure to Bitcoin’s price movements without directly holding the asset.
- Futures Contracts: Allow you to agree on a price for Bitcoin at a future date. If you believe the price will fall, you can sell a futures contract, profiting from the difference between the contract price and the actual price at settlement.
- Options Contracts: Offer more flexibility. Put options, in particular, allow you to profit if the price drops below a certain level (the strike price). This limits your risk to the premium paid for the option.
- Inverse ETFs/ETPs: These inversely track the price of Bitcoin. When Bitcoin falls, these instruments rise, providing a straightforward way to profit from a bearish market. However, be aware of the expense ratios and potential tracking errors.
Important Considerations:
- Risk Management: Never invest more than you can afford to lose. Diversification across multiple assets is crucial. Employ stop-loss orders and position sizing to manage risk effectively.
- Regulatory Landscape: Crypto regulations vary significantly across jurisdictions. Understand the legal framework in your region before engaging in any short selling or derivatives trading.
- Trading Fees and Slippage: Transaction costs can significantly eat into profits. Factor these into your trading strategy and choose brokers with competitive fees.
Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute financial advice. Investing in cryptocurrencies involves substantial risk and may result in significant losses.
What is the most profitable strategy in crypto?
There’s no single “most profitable” cryptocurrency strategy; profitability depends heavily on market conditions, individual risk tolerance, and expertise. Swing trading, focusing on medium-term price movements, can yield significant returns but requires diligent technical analysis. Day trading demands constant market monitoring and rapid execution, often leveraging high frequency trading (HFT) techniques and sophisticated algorithms for optimal results. Scalping, which involves very short-term trades, relies on small price fluctuations and high volume, needing exceptionally low latency infrastructure and advanced order management systems. Long-term investing (HODLing) minimizes trading fees and emotional decision-making, but requires patience and a robust understanding of underlying technology and project fundamentals. Diversification across different asset classes within the crypto market—including established coins, altcoins, and DeFi protocols—is crucial to mitigate risk. Sophisticated strategies might involve arbitrage, utilizing price discrepancies across different exchanges, or employing quantitative analysis (quant) models to identify statistically significant trading opportunities. All strategies necessitate rigorous risk management, including stop-loss orders, position sizing appropriate to one’s capital, and a clear understanding of the psychological biases affecting trading decisions. Backtesting strategies using historical data and paper trading before committing real capital are strongly recommended.
Furthermore, understanding on-chain metrics such as network activity, transaction volume, and development activity is vital for informed decision-making. Staying abreast of regulatory developments and macroeconomic factors influencing cryptocurrency markets is equally important. Ultimately, successful crypto trading requires a blend of technical skills, market knowledge, and disciplined risk management.
What is a good exit strategy for crypto?
A robust crypto exit strategy isn’t about a single event; it’s a process of risk management and profit preservation. Instead of aiming for a perfect top, consider a phased approach leveraging put options.
The “Insurance Policy” Approach:
- Incremental Put Buying: Upon each doubling of your initial investment, purchase put options representing a small percentage (e.g., 1-5%) of your portfolio’s value at that point. This acts as insurance against a sudden market downturn.
- Replenishing the Hedge: As the price doubles again, the previous puts’ value will diminish. Repurchase puts to maintain your protective layer. This strategy effectively “locks in” gains incrementally, minimizing the impact of potential crashes.
- Strategic Sizing: The key is to use small amounts for your puts. Over-hedging can significantly reduce your potential upside. The goal is protection, not elimination of risk.
Important Considerations:
- Option Expiration Dates: Carefully select expiration dates for your puts. Shorter-term options are cheaper but require more frequent rebalancing. Longer-term options offer broader protection but are more expensive.
- Strike Price Selection: Choose strike prices strategically, considering your risk tolerance and potential price targets. A strike price slightly below the current market price offers a good balance between protection and cost.
- Transaction Costs: Account for transaction fees when implementing this strategy. Frequent trades can eat into profits if not managed carefully. Consider the cost of buying and selling puts relative to the potential protection they offer.
- Market Volatility: This strategy is particularly effective in volatile markets. During periods of low volatility, the cost of puts may outweigh the benefit.
Disclaimer: This strategy involves options trading, which carries significant risk. It’s crucial to thoroughly understand options trading before implementing this approach. Consult with a financial advisor before making any investment decisions.
How to pull profits from crypto?
Profit extraction from cryptocurrencies involves strategically selling a portion or all of your holdings once a predetermined price target is reached. This is fundamentally different from simply holding (“hodling”). Successful take-profit strategies require a sophisticated understanding of market dynamics and risk management.
Core Take-Profit Strategies:
- Trailing Stop-Loss Orders: These automatically adjust your sell order as the price increases, securing profits while minimizing potential downside if the price reverses. Crucial parameters include the trailing percentage or fixed amount.
- Percentage-Based Take-Profit: Define a percentage gain (e.g., 10%, 20%) at which you sell a portion or all your holdings. This is simple to implement but less responsive to market volatility.
- Target Price Orders: Set a specific price at which you want to sell. This is straightforward but less flexible and may miss opportunities if the price surpasses your target quickly.
- Partial Take-Profit: Secure some profits while leaving a portion invested to capitalize on further potential gains. This reduces risk and allows for greater upside potential.
Advanced Considerations:
- Technical Analysis: Incorporate indicators like moving averages, RSI, MACD to identify potential entry and exit points, supplementing your chosen take-profit strategy.
- Fundamental Analysis: Evaluate the underlying technology, adoption rate, and market sentiment of the cryptocurrency to inform your target price and risk assessment.
- Tax Implications: Understand the tax implications of your trading activity in your jurisdiction. Capital gains taxes vary significantly.
- Volatility Management: Crypto markets are highly volatile. Diversification across different assets and employing risk management tools (stop-losses) is paramount.
- Automated Trading Bots: Consider using automated trading bots to execute your take-profit strategies efficiently and consistently, especially for high-frequency trading.
Choosing the Right Strategy: The optimal strategy depends on your risk tolerance, investment timeline, and the specific cryptocurrency. Backtesting your strategy with historical data is highly recommended before deploying it with real funds.
Should I sell my crypto when it goes down?
The simple “buy low, sell high” mantra is deceptively complex in crypto. Timing the market perfectly is impossible; instead, focus on risk management and a defined strategy. Consider your investment thesis: is this a long-term hold or short-term trade? Long-term investors should withstand short-term volatility, using dips as buying opportunities. Short-term traders, however, need well-defined entry and exit points, possibly employing technical indicators like moving averages or RSI to identify potential reversals. Dollar-cost averaging can mitigate risk for both. Never invest more than you can afford to lose. Selling when fear grips the market is often a mistake; panic selling locks in losses. Conversely, greed can lead to holding onto assets past their peak. Develop a plan, stick to it, and consider diversifying your portfolio across multiple cryptocurrencies to reduce individual asset risk.
Consider using trailing stop-losses to protect profits while allowing for further upside. These automatically adjust your stop-loss order as the price increases, locking in gains while minimizing potential losses. Furthermore, understand the tax implications of your trades, as capital gains can significantly impact your overall returns. Finally, fundamental analysis—examining the underlying technology and adoption of a cryptocurrency—should inform your long-term decisions, while technical analysis guides shorter-term trades. Don’t solely rely on price action.
What is the scalping strategy in crypto?
Scalping in crypto is like being a super-fast day trader. Instead of holding investments for days, weeks, or months, scalpers make many tiny trades throughout a single day, aiming to profit from even the tiniest price movements.
How it works:
- Short-term trades: Scalpers typically hold their positions for only seconds or minutes.
- Small profits, high volume: The goal isn’t huge gains on each trade, but rather many small profits that add up over the course of the day.
- Technical analysis focus: Scalpers heavily rely on technical indicators and charts to identify fleeting opportunities.
Key aspects to consider:
- High transaction fees: Many trades mean paying more in fees, so low-fee exchanges are crucial.
- Requires fast internet and low latency: Speed is everything; slow connections can lead to missed opportunities.
- High stress and intensive work: Constantly monitoring charts and executing trades is demanding.
- Risk of losses: While small individual losses are manageable, a series of losing trades can quickly wipe out profits.
- Suitable for experienced traders: Scalping requires significant market knowledge and a robust trading strategy. It’s not for beginners.
Examples of indicators used: Moving averages, RSI, MACD, volume analysis.
Important Note: Never invest more than you can afford to lose. Thoroughly research and understand the risks before engaging in scalping.
When should I exit the crypto market?
The optimal time to exit the crypto market is a nuanced question with no single answer. The advice to avoid it altogether is overly simplistic and ignores the potential for significant returns. Instead, focus on your investment strategy:
Short-Term Trading: This involves frequent buying and selling to profit from short-term price fluctuations. Your exit strategy will hinge on technical analysis – identifying support and resistance levels, using indicators like RSI and MACD, and recognizing chart patterns (head and shoulders, double tops/bottoms etc.). Profit targets and stop-loss orders are crucial here. Consider trailing stop-losses to lock in profits as the price moves favorably.
- Profit Targets: Pre-determine your acceptable profit margin before entering a trade.
- Stop-Loss Orders: Set a price point at which you automatically sell to limit potential losses.
- Risk Management: Never invest more than you can afford to lose. Diversify your portfolio across different assets.
Long-Term Investing (Hodling): This strategy focuses on the long-term growth potential of cryptocurrencies. Your exit strategy depends on your risk tolerance and long-term financial goals. Factors to consider include:
- Fundamental Analysis: Evaluate the project’s technology, team, adoption rate, and market position.
- Market Sentiment: Track overall market trends and news that might impact the asset’s value.
- Personal Financial Needs: You may need to sell some holdings to meet unexpected expenses or achieve specific financial milestones (retirement, down payment etc.).
- Tax Implications: Understand the tax consequences of selling cryptocurrencies in your jurisdiction.
Regardless of your strategy: Regularly review your portfolio, stay informed about market developments, and adapt your strategy as needed. Emotions should never dictate your trading decisions.
What is the 5 minute strategy in crypto?
The “5-minute strategy” in crypto trading, borrowed from forex, leverages short-term price fluctuations for quick profits. It centers on identifying and capitalizing on momentum reversals within a 5-minute timeframe. This requires sharp observation of candlestick patterns, volume changes, and technical indicators like RSI or MACD on a 5-minute chart. The trader aims to enter a position just as a reversal starts, aiming to ride the momentum wave.
Key aspects of this strategy include:
Identifying Reversals: Successful execution hinges on accurate reversal detection. Look for candlestick patterns like pin bars, engulfing patterns, or doji’s which often signal a change in momentum. Volume confirmation is crucial; a significant increase in volume accompanying a reversal pattern strengthens its validity.
Technical Indicators: While candlestick patterns provide visual cues, technical indicators offer quantitative support. The Relative Strength Index (RSI) can pinpoint overbought and oversold conditions, suggesting potential reversals. The Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) can help detect shifts in momentum by observing its crossovers.
Risk Management: This is paramount. Employing strict stop-loss orders is essential to limit potential losses. A trailing stop-loss, which adjusts automatically as the price moves favorably, can protect profits as the trade progresses. Position sizing—determining how much capital to allocate to each trade—is also crucial for risk mitigation.
Backtesting: Before live trading, rigorously backtest this strategy on historical data. This helps refine entry and exit points, optimize indicator settings, and assess the overall effectiveness of the strategy within specific cryptocurrency markets.
Limitations: The 5-minute strategy, while potentially lucrative, is highly volatile. False signals are common, and rapid price swings can lead to significant losses if risk management is insufficient. It requires constant monitoring and quick decision-making.
Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading is highly risky. The 5-minute strategy, like any trading strategy, doesn’t guarantee profits and could lead to significant financial losses. Conduct thorough research and seek professional advice before engaging in crypto trading.
What is the best crypto to become a millionaire?
There’s no guaranteed path to becoming a millionaire with any cryptocurrency, but historically, Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH) show the strongest potential. Bitcoin’s first-mover advantage and established market dominance provide a degree of stability, though volatility remains inherent. Its limited supply of 21 million coins fuels the narrative of scarcity and potential for future price appreciation.
Ethereum, on the other hand, benefits from its expansive ecosystem. It powers a vast array of decentralized applications (dApps) and smart contracts, fostering significant network activity and driving demand for its native token, ETH. The ongoing transition to proof-of-stake has further enhanced its scalability and energy efficiency, potentially boosting its long-term prospects.
However, it’s crucial to remember that cryptocurrency markets are extremely volatile and speculative. Investing in cryptocurrencies, especially aiming for substantial returns, involves significant risk. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Diversification across different assets is crucial, and thorough due diligence, including understanding the underlying technology and market dynamics, is paramount before investing any significant capital.
Furthermore, the regulatory landscape for cryptocurrencies is still evolving, potentially impacting future valuations. Factors like technological advancements, adoption rates, and macroeconomic conditions can significantly influence price fluctuations. Before making any investment decisions, it’s advisable to consult with a qualified financial advisor.
Do people actually make money day trading crypto?
Day trading cryptocurrencies presents a unique set of challenges and opportunities. While the potential for high returns is undeniable due to the inherent volatility of the market, successful day trading requires a sophisticated understanding beyond simply reacting to price swings.
Profitability is not guaranteed. The statement “highly profitable” is misleading. While some individuals profit, many more lose money. The high volatility that makes it *potentially* profitable also amplifies losses significantly. This volatility isn’t random; it’s driven by news events, market sentiment, and technical factors often requiring advanced analysis to predict accurately.
Key factors influencing success (or failure):
- Technical Analysis Mastery: Proficient use of charting tools, indicators (RSI, MACD, Bollinger Bands, etc.), and candlestick patterns is crucial for identifying potential entry and exit points.
- Fundamental Analysis Understanding: Staying informed about blockchain technology advancements, regulatory changes, and adoption rates of specific cryptocurrencies is paramount to making informed trading decisions.
- Risk Management Strategies: Employing strict stop-loss orders, position sizing techniques, and diversified portfolios is essential to mitigate potential losses. Never invest more than you can afford to lose.
- High-Frequency Trading (HFT) Considerations: Many successful day traders utilize algorithms and automated trading systems to execute trades at speed exceeding human capabilities. This requires significant programming expertise and substantial capital investment.
- Psychological Discipline: Emotional decision-making is a common pitfall. Sticking to your trading plan, managing FOMO (Fear Of Missing Out) and FUD (Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt) are critical for long-term success.
Types of Day Trading Strategies (Illustrative, not exhaustive):
- Scalping: Taking advantage of small price movements, aiming for numerous small profits throughout the day.
- Swing Trading (short-term): Holding positions for a few hours to a couple of days, capitalizing on slightly longer-term trends.
- Arbitrage: Exploiting price discrepancies between different exchanges.
Crucially: The cryptocurrency market is unregulated in many jurisdictions. This lack of oversight increases risk, and scams are prevalent. Thorough due diligence on exchanges and projects is absolutely essential.
How do you trade crypto for daily profit?
Daily crypto profits require a sophisticated approach. It’s not about luck; it’s about disciplined execution and a deep understanding of market dynamics.
1. Fundamental Understanding: Don’t just jump in. Grasp blockchain technology, its limitations, and the factors driving crypto price fluctuations. This includes macroeconomic trends, regulatory news, and technological advancements. Ignore the hype; focus on the fundamentals.
2. Why Trade? Define Your Strategy: Are you a day trader aiming for small, consistent gains, or a swing trader seeking larger profits over longer periods? Scalping, arbitrage, and trend following are just a few strategies. Choose one that aligns with your risk tolerance and time commitment. Avoid chasing pumps and dumps.
3. Cryptocurrency Selection: Diversification is crucial. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. Research different cryptocurrencies based on their technology, adoption rates, and market capitalization. Analyze their historical price performance, but remember past performance is not indicative of future results.
4. Leverage and Risk Management (NOT CFDs): Avoid CFDs initially. They magnify both profits and losses, often leading to quick ruin for inexperienced traders. Focus on building a robust risk management strategy using tools like stop-loss orders and position sizing. Never risk more than you can afford to lose. Consider futures contracts or spot trading only once you master risk management.
5. Identifying Opportunities: Technical analysis (chart patterns, indicators) and fundamental analysis (news, market sentiment) are crucial. Learn to identify support and resistance levels, chart patterns, and volume analysis. Develop your own system to filter out noise and identify high-probability trading setups.
6. Long or Short? Understanding Direction: This depends on your market outlook. A “long” position means you buy, anticipating the price will rise. A “short” position means you borrow and sell, hoping to buy back later at a lower price. Both strategies carry risk.
7. Execution and Monitoring: Place trades precisely according to your strategy, using limit orders to buy or sell at your desired price, not market orders. Continuously monitor your positions and adjust your strategy as needed. Emotional trading is the enemy of consistent profits.
8. Advanced Techniques (Only after mastering the basics): Consider exploring more advanced concepts like options trading, algorithmic trading, or arbitrage opportunities once you’ve achieved consistent profitability with simpler strategies. These require extensive knowledge and experience.
- Warning: Daily profit is not guaranteed. The crypto market is extremely volatile. Losses are inevitable; manage them effectively.
Which strategy is best for bear market?
Bear markets present unique opportunities, but require a different strategy than bull markets. While many shy away from investing outright, short-selling is a common, albeit risky, approach. It allows you to profit from declining prices by borrowing and selling shares, hoping to buy them back later at a lower price.
However, short-selling isn’t a guaranteed win. It carries significant risk. Potential losses are theoretically unlimited as share prices can continue to rise indefinitely. Effective short-selling demands:
- Thorough Due Diligence: Identify fundamentally weak companies with unsustainable business models or negative catalysts. Avoid emotional decisions and rely on solid analysis.
- Risk Management: Employ stop-loss orders to limit potential losses. Diversify your short positions across different sectors to mitigate risk. Never invest more than you can afford to lose.
- Understanding of Market Sentiment: Short-selling works best when the market broadly agrees on a company’s declining prospects. Identify companies where negative sentiment is likely to persist.
- Borrowing Costs: Factor in borrowing fees, which can eat into profits, especially during extended short positions.
Beyond short-selling, other bear market strategies exist:
- Investing in Inverse ETFs or Short ETFs: These funds profit from declining market indices, offering leveraged exposure to bear markets. However, remember that leverage amplifies both gains and losses.
- Cash and Cash Equivalents: Holding a significant portion of your portfolio in cash preserves capital during market downturns, allowing you to acquire assets at discounted prices when the market rebounds.
- Defensive Stocks: Certain sectors, like consumer staples and utilities, tend to be less volatile during bear markets. These companies often offer dividends, providing a stream of income while the market declines. Note that these might underperform in a bull market.
Remember: No strategy guarantees profits in a bear market. Thorough research, risk management, and a clear understanding of market dynamics are crucial for success.
What’s bull run in crypto?
A bull run in crypto is when the market’s on fire! It’s a period of intense upward price movement where everyone’s feeling bullish and buying, driving demand way beyond supply. Think FOMO (Fear Of Missing Out) at its peak – everyone’s piling in, hoping to snag those massive gains before it’s too late. Market sentiment is sky-high, with news cycles dominated by positive price action and exciting new projects. This surge often leads to significant increases in trading volume and the emergence of new all-time highs (ATHs) for various cryptocurrencies.
Key characteristics of a bull run include sustained upward price trends, increased market capitalization, and a general sense of optimism amongst investors. However, it’s crucial to remember bull runs are not infinite. They’re usually followed by corrections or bear markets, making risk management crucial. During a bull run, it’s essential to avoid impulsive decisions driven by FOMO and stick to your investment strategy, considering factors like diversification and dollar-cost averaging to mitigate potential losses during inevitable market corrections. Identifying early signs can be challenging, but increased social media hype, a growing number of new users, and positive regulatory developments can often serve as indicators.
What to do when crypto is going down?
Crypto prices go down sometimes, it’s normal. Don’t panic! Here’s what you can do:
1. Staking and DeFi Yield Farming: Think of these as ways to earn interest on your crypto. Staking involves locking up your coins to help secure a blockchain, earning rewards in return. DeFi (Decentralized Finance) yield farming is similar, but usually involves lending your crypto or providing liquidity to decentralized exchanges, earning interest or trading fees. These can help your crypto balance grow even when prices are dropping. It’s like earning interest in a bank account, but with crypto.
Important Note on DeFi: DeFi can be riskier than traditional banking. Thoroughly research any platform before using it, and only invest what you can afford to lose. There are risks of smart contract vulnerabilities and rug pulls (where developers suddenly disappear with the funds).
- Staking: Generally safer than DeFi, but returns are usually lower.
- DeFi Yield Farming: Potentially higher returns, but significantly higher risks.
2. Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA): This is a simple strategy. Instead of investing a large sum at once, you invest smaller, regular amounts over time. This reduces your average cost per coin. If you believe in a particular crypto’s long-term potential, DCA helps you buy more when the price is low and less when it’s high, smoothing out the volatility.
- Example: You plan to invest $100 per week in Bitcoin. If Bitcoin is $20,000 one week, you buy 0.005 Bitcoin. If it drops to $10,000 the next week, you buy 0.01 Bitcoin. Your average cost per Bitcoin is lower than if you’d invested $200 at $20,000.
3. HODL (Hold On for Dear Life): If you believe in the long-term potential of your crypto assets, simply holding on can be a good strategy. The market will eventually recover.
Remember: Never invest more than you can afford to lose. Always do your own research and understand the risks involved before making any investment decisions.
What is the most successful scalping strategy?
There’s no single “best” scalping strategy, as success hinges on market conditions, risk tolerance, and individual trading style. However, several consistently effective approaches leverage technical indicators to identify fleeting opportunities.
Stochastic Oscillator Strategy: This momentum indicator helps spot overbought and oversold conditions, signaling potential trend reversals ideal for quick entries and exits. Look for divergence between price and the oscillator for higher-probability setups. Remember to pair it with other confirmations for enhanced accuracy.
Moving Average Strategy: Utilizing fast and slow moving averages (e.g., 5-period and 20-period EMAs) allows for identification of short-term trend direction and potential crossover signals. Scalpers often use these to pinpoint entry and exit points within established trends. Be aware of whipsaws, particularly in volatile markets.
Parabolic SAR Indicator Strategy: This trailing stop indicator helps manage risk and protect profits by dynamically adjusting stop-loss levels based on price action. While it aids in minimizing losses during pullbacks, it’s crucial to understand its limitations and potentially combine it with other strategies for confirmation.
RSI Strategy: The Relative Strength Index measures price momentum and identifies overbought and oversold levels. Similar to the Stochastic Oscillator, divergences offer valuable insights. However, RSI can generate false signals, so it’s essential to use it in conjunction with price action and other indicators.
Crucial Considerations: Regardless of the strategy chosen, meticulous risk management (strict stop-losses, position sizing) is paramount for scalping. High leverage magnifies both profits and losses, demanding rigorous discipline. Backtesting and paper trading are invaluable tools for evaluating strategy effectiveness and honing your skills before risking real capital. Market volatility significantly impacts scalping performance, requiring adaptability and the ability to quickly adjust to changing conditions.
How to take profits from crypto without selling?
Imagine you have some crypto, like Bitcoin or Ethereum, and you want to make it grow without actually selling it. You can do this through something called “DeFi,” which stands for Decentralized Finance. Think of it as a more advanced, crypto-based version of a bank.
One popular DeFi strategy is lending. Platforms exist where you can lend your crypto to others who need it. In return, you earn interest, often much higher than you’d get from a regular bank account. For example, you might lend your Ethereum and earn 5% or even higher annual interest, paid out in more Ethereum or sometimes another cryptocurrency.
It’s important to understand that these interest rates can fluctuate – they go up and down based on supply and demand. Also, different platforms offer different rates and have varying levels of risk. Some are more established and secure than others. Always research a platform thoroughly before lending your crypto to them; look for reputable projects with strong security measures and a history of paying interest reliably. You should only lend crypto you can afford to lose.
Besides lending, there are other DeFi strategies for generating passive income from your crypto holdings, such as staking (locking up your crypto to secure a blockchain network) and yield farming (providing liquidity to decentralized exchanges). These are more advanced strategies, however, and require a good understanding of DeFi before attempting them.